Good News for Dolphin Lovers in India

India’s First Comprehensive River Dolphin Survey Reveals Population of 6,327

India’s inaugural large-scale survey of river dolphins has estimated a total population of 6,327. These dolphins are primarily found in the Ganga, Brahmaputra, and Indus river basins. The survey was conducted under Project Dolphin, which was launched in 2020. It provides the first detailed insight into the status of these endangered species in the country.

India is home to two species of freshwater dolphins. They are the Ganges river dolphin (Platanista gangetica) and the Indus river dolphin (Platanista minor). Both species are critical indicators of a healthy river ecosystem. These species are classified as Endangered and protected under Schedule I of the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972. They face significant threats from habitat degradation, pollution, and accidental entanglement in fishing gear.

The survey spanned 28 rivers across eight states, covering a vast stretch of 8,507 km. Uttar Pradesh recorded the highest number of dolphins (2,397), followed by Bihar (2,220) and West Bengal (815). Assam reported 635 dolphins, while Jharkhand documented 162. Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh collectively accounted for 95, and Punjab recorded the lowest count, with just three individuals.

The report emphasizes that river dolphins serve as an umbrella species, meaning their conservation positively impacts the entire ecosystem. However, gaps remain in understanding their habitat preferences, breeding patterns, and movement. Recent studies suggest that these dolphins favor confluences, meandering river stretches, and mid-channel islands.

Historically, Ganges river dolphin numbers ranged between 4,000-5,000 by the late 20th century. Their numbers declined to around 1,800 due to threats such as accidental bycatch and intentional killings. There have been over 500 known mortalities since 1980. The Indus River Dolphin, primarily found in the Beas River, remains critically low in numbers, requiring urgent conservation efforts.

Project Dolphin aims to integrate science-based conservation strategies while bringing together stakeholders to safeguard India’s river and marine dolphin populations.