Why GRAP Fails to Combat Delhi’s Air Crisis
Historically, the Graded Response Action Plan (GRAP) has delivered only short-term and modest reductions in air pollution levels. It faces significant limitations in lasting impact. Its overall effectiveness is also limited. GRAP's Measurable Impact and Shortcomings Studies and pollution episode analyses show that GRAP measures such as curbs on construction, vehicular bans, and industrial restrictions can cut particulate pollution (PM2.5) by 15-20% during high-pollution peaks. These interventions, however, often fail to bring air quality to acceptable levels from “very poor” or “severe” categories. Any improvements are temporary. They dissipate once restrictions are lifted or when local sources overwhelm the gains.…